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Author(s): Hemanta Dey11, Gargi Debnath22, Ashit Dey23, Souvik Bose14, Soumen Dey15, Anuska Chatterjee1*6

Email(s): 1anuskachat0609@gmail.com

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    1 Department of Pharmacy, Sanaka Educational Trust’s Group of Institutions, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, India 2 M R College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, India

Published In:   Volume - 4,      Issue - 11,     Year - 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41107  

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ABSTRACT:
Inadequate drug absorption, poor tumor selectivity, and the widespread emergence of chemoresistance are some of the ongoing issues facing modern cancer treatments. A paradigm change, targeted nanocarrier technologies allow for regulated release and site-specific drug accumulation while reducing systemic toxicity. The current mechanistic understanding of advanced nanocarrier platforms is summarized in this review, which explains how active targeting uses ligand-receptor interactions to promote receptor-mediated cellular internalization, while passive targeting takes advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) phenomenon. In addition to biomimetic and immune cell-derived nanocarriers that exhibit superior biocompatibility and immune evasion, we look at current developments in stimuli-responsive nanosystems, such as pH-sensitive, redox-responsive, and externally-triggered platforms. Multifunctional theranostic systems that combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities are given special attention for applications in precision medicine. There includes a full discussion of mechanistic insights into drug release kinetics, intracellular trafficking pathways, and nanocarrier interactions with the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we highlight new technologies including programmable and self-assembling nanocarrier platforms while addressing important translational challenges like immunological clearance, manufacturing scalability, regulatory complexity, and unfavorable bioaccumulation. The synergistic efficacy of integration with modern therapeutic methods, such as immunotherapy, gene editing, and combination chemotherapy, is assessed. In addition to identifying critical tactics to close the translational gap between preclinical innovation and clinical implementation, this thorough analysis establishes the fundamental mechanisms underlying next-generation nanomedicines, ultimately advancing accessible, individualized cancer therapies.

Cite this article:
Hemanta Dey, Gargi Debnath, Ashit Dey, Souvik Bose, Soumen Dey, Anuska Chatterjee. Emerging Mechanistic Insights Into Targeted Nanocarrier-Mediated Cancer Drug Delivery: Challenges, Innovations, And Translational Perspectives. IJRPAS, November 2025; 4(11): 67-79.DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41107


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