International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Allied Science

ISSN: 2583-6544   |  Issues per year: Monthly  |   Indexed In: Google Scholar, CORE, ScienceOpen, Researchgate

ISSN:2583-6544

Abstract View

Hysterectomy and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Comprehensive Review

Author(s): N. Jayasree*1, K. Ruchitha2, Vijayalakshmi Cholavaram3, O. Susmitha4, Sk. Davood5

Email(s): 1nandipallijayasree3814@gmail.com

Address:

    Department of Pharmacy Practice, Swathi College of Pharmacy, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh

Published In:   Volume - 4,      Issue - 10,     Year - 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41006  

 View HTML        View PDF

Please allow Pop-Up for this website to view PDF file.

ABSTRACT:
Hysterectomy, the surgical removal of the uterus, is one of the most frequently performed gynecological procedures worldwide. Beyond its reproductive and symptomatic benefits, growing evidence suggests that hysterectomy may have long-term systemic effects, particularly on cardiovascular health. Hypertension, a leading global risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, has been increasingly reported among women with a history of hysterectomy. The mechanisms underlying this association are not fully established but may involve both hormonal and vascular pathways. In women who undergo hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, abrupt estrogen deprivation accelerates vascular aging, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure dysregulation. Even when ovaries are preserved, reduced ovarian blood flow and earlier onset of ovarian insufficiency may predispose to hypertension. Several observational and cohort studies indicate that women, especially those operated at a younger age, are at higher risk of incident hypertension compared to age-matched controls. Additional factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and pre-existing gynaecological conditions like uterine fibroids or endometriosis may further increase susceptibility. While the absolute risk is modest, the high prevalence of hysterectomy amplifies the public health significance of this association. Early recognition and targeted preventive strategies, including cardiovascular monitoring, weight management, and lifestyle counselling, are essential for women after hysterectomy. Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify causal pathways and to guide individualized risk reduction strategies. Overall, hysterectomy appears to be a potential contributor to increased hypertension risk, underscoring the need for long-term vigilance in clinical practice.

Keywords:

Cite this article:
N. Jayasree; K. Ruchitha; Vijayalakshmi Cholavaram; O. Susmitha; Sk. DavoodHysterectomy and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Comprehensive Review. IJRPAS, October 2025; 4(10): 85-95.DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41006


1.    Mikhail E., Salemi J., Mogos M., Hart S., Salihu H., Imudia A. National trends of adnexal surgery at the time of hysterectomy for benign indication, United States 1998-2011. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2015 Mar 1;22(3):S18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.04.031

2.    Matthews KA, Gibson CJ, El Khoudary SR, et al. Changes in cardiovascular risk factors by hysterectomy status with and without oophorectomy: study of women’s health across the nation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:191–200. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.042FREE Full Text Google Scholar

3.    James SL, Abate D, Abate KH. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet 2018;392:1789–858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

4.    Mosca, L. ∙ Benjamin, E.J. ∙ Berra, K. ... Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update Circulation. 2011; 123:1243-1262 Crossref Scopus (1378) PubMed Google Scholar

5.    R. Venturella et al.3 to 5 Years later: long-term effects of prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian function B.G. Kim et al. Relation of preprocedural haemoglobin level to outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention

6.    Aarts JWM, Nieboer TE, Johnson N, et al. Surgical approach to hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;2015:CD003677. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003677.pub5Google Scholar

7.    International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. (2021). National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019–21: India. Mumbai, India. Available at:

8.    Bhaumik, S. (2013). Oxfam calls for new regulations to reduce unnecessary hysterectomies in private hospitals. BMJ, 346, f852.

9.    Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16, 223–237.

10.    Zhou, B., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., Danaei, G., et al. (2021). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: A pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet, 398, 957–980.

11.    James, S. L., Abate, D., Abate, K. H., et al. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392, 1789–1858.

12.    Ding, D.-C., & Sung, F.-C. (2018). Authors’ reply re: Risk of hypertension after hysterectomy: A population-based study. BJOG, 125, 1780.

13.    Laughlin-Tommaso, S. K., Khan, Z., Weaver, A. L., et al. (2018). Cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation: A cohort study. Menopause, 25, 483–492.

14.    Halli, S. S., Singh, D. P., & Biradar, R. A. (2020). Increased hypertension following hysterectomy among reproductive women in India. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 4, 100131.

15.    Madika, A.-L., MacDonald, C. J., Gelot, A., et al. (2021). Hysterectomy, non-malignant gynaecological diseases, and the risk of incident hypertension: The E3N prospective cohort. Maturitas, 150, 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.001

16.    International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS). (2020). Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), Wave 1, 2017–18: India Report. Mumbai, India. Available at:

17.    Perianayagam, A., Bloom, D., Lee, J., et al. (2022). Cohort profile: The longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI). International Journal of Epidemiology, 51, e167–e176.

18.    Hammer, G. P., du Prel, J.-B., & Blettner, M. (2009). Avoiding bias in observational studies: Part 8 in a series of articles on evaluation of scientific publications. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 106, 664–668.

19.    Hainmueller, J. (2012). Entropy balancing for causal effects: A multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies. Political Analysis, 20, 25–46.

20.    Hainmueller, J., & Xu, Y. (2013). Ebalance: A Stata package for entropy balancing. Journal of Statistical Software, 54, 1–18.

21.    Luoto, R., Kaprio, J., Reunanen, A., et al. (1995). Cardiovascular morbidity in relation to ovarian function after hysterectomy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 85, 515–522.

22.    Laughlin-Tommaso, S. K., Khan, Z., Weaver, A. L., et al. (2016). Cardiovascular risk sfactors and diseases in women undergoing hysterectomy with ovarian conservation. Menopause, 23, 121–128.

23.    Mikhail, E., Miladinovic, B., Velanovich, V., et al. (2015). Association between obesity and the trends of routes of hysterectomy performed for benign indications. Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 125, 912–918.

24.    Hossain, F. B., Adhikary, G., Chowdhury, A. B., et al. (2019). Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in South Asian population: Evidence from nationally-representative surveys. Clinical Hypertension, 25, 28.

25.    Dubey, R. K., Oparil, S., Imthurn, B., et al. (2002). Sex hormones and hypertension. Cardiovascular Research, 53, 688–708.

26.    Lizcano, F., & Guzmán, G. (2014). Estrogen deficiency and the origin of obesity during menopause. BioMed Research International, 2014, 757461.

27.    Maas, A. H. E. M., & Franke, H. R. (2009). Women’s health in menopause with a focus on hypertension. Netherlands Heart Journal, 17, 68–72.

28.    Reckelhoff, J. F., & Fortepiani, L. A. (2004). Novel mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal hypertension. Hypertension, 43, 918–923.

Related Images:



Recent Images



Neurological Complications among Pregnant and Post Partum Mothers in a Private Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Review on Regulatory Affairs in Pharmaceutical Industry
Cucumber and Mint Soap: Preparation and Evaluation
Topical Delivery in Cosmetics: Enhancing Penetration and Bioavailability
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Soap
Gelatin: A Widely Used Pharmaceutical Excipient
Therapeutic insights into Saroglitazar: a dual PPAR- α/γ agonist targeting diabetic dyslipidaemia and NAFLD
A Comprehensive Review on Dyslipidemia and Obesity: Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications and Management Approaches
Antidiabetic Herbs and Polyherbal Antidiabetic Formulations –An Overview
Review on Clinical Research and Clinical Trials

Tags


Quick Links


Latest Issues

Popular Articles